Generic Global CBRN Coverage and Perception

CBRN Threshold

Scrutinizing the last 2 decades conspicuous social turmoil generating events, caused by CBRN fear and threat, have increased in terms of visual and auditory media market indicators. As there still is no drawn border between military & civilian populace and CBRN is not only a military relevance, struggle and shielding against CBRN is of vital and current importance.

Being aware of CBRN medium shortfalls and needs Nurol Makina ve Sanayi A.Ş. (NMS) congenial CBRN endeavor has allocated its path towards "system design, integration and configuration" lane.

Thereof, NMS has tailored herself for proliferating and augmenting remedy CBRN theatre and challenge arearequirements.

CBRN Overview

Chemical, biological, and, radiological involvement proliferated throughout the third world countries in early 1960s. The governmental programs happened to reach puberty in aboutmid 1980s right after chemical warfare agents were used in challenge areaslike the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and North Africa. By the beginning of 1990s, the CBRN programs are being broadened and evolved. Remarkably chemical warfare agents are being produced and stockpiled. Biological defence studies are visibly being established. De factomany countries have reached ballistic missile strike capabilities through their relevant programs and CBRN relevance.These determinations actually figure out the plausibility of CBRN use in conflicts or for different aims.

A Cosmetic Glance to CBRNThreat

Practically all known BW relevant countries (we don’t want to address their names here) have already signed the Biological Toxic Weapons Convention (BTWC). But interestingly they still continue their BW programs. Today more than 160 states have signed the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), but few of these actually still have CW programs. The treaties will not be effective unless some known countries sign andadhere to them. Some BTWC and CWC signatory countries likely continue their CW programs, attempting to wander back the conventions. Some known other countries have refused to join the convention.

Chemical Weapons

Chemical warfare agents namely blood, choking, blister, and nerveagents can be categorized due to effects they cause on the body. Blood agents interfere with the transfer of oxygen, suffocating the victim. Nerve agents attack the nervous system and provoke difficulty in breathing, qualm, vision loss, convulsions, and death. Choking agents in general damage the lungs. Blister agents are especially damaging when inhaled and also cause painful blisters on the skin. Chemical warfare agents can be persistent or non-persistent. The effects of persistent agents, such as mustard or VX, may last days or weeks. Hydrogen cyanide and sarin arenon-persistent agents.

Some industrial chemicals are also known as chemical warfare agents. These chemicals, like hydrogen cyanide and phosgene, are produced in industrial chemical plants throughout the world. Practically any munitions can be filled with CW agents. Chemical agents are known as "Hidden Enemy or No Enemy Weapons".

Biological Weapons

The biological side of CBR threat has remarkably changed in the last quarter of 21st century through the introduction of new biotechnologies.Biological warfare can be characterized by the use of pathogens or toxins as weapons. The biological agents are generally categorized in four biosafety levels which range from; minimal potential hazards, infectious cultures, concentrated cultures, to exceedingly hazardous agents. Pathogens as weapons can be used against strategic targets such as food storages, stationary units, and populated areas and centers to create panic and break up social plans.Toxins are quite poisons and produced by pathogens, snakes, spiders, seac reatures, and plants. BW study centers and relevant scientists now quite keen on producing toxins through chemical processes or genetic engineering as well. So 21st century is said to be a "Genetic Era". Military and civilian strategic establishments are delicate targets and interlocutors to toxins that are acting faster and more stable than live pathogens. Biological agents include anthrax, plague, cholera, smallpox, tularemia, Q fever, ricin and botulinum toxin. Production of biological agents does not require special talent and equipment. Through biotechnology, the quantities of biological agent needed, can quickly be produced from small cultures. It is why they’re known as "Atom Bomb of The Poor".

 

Recent Strategic Bird’s-Eye CBRN Panorama

The most important and dangerous dimension of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) is the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons. The uncontrolled existence of missiles with the capability to launch CBRN warhead is the other important dimension. Apart from some sort of difficulty in detection and identification of CBRN agents, particularly mass destruction effect on civilians constitutes a major danger.

WMD/CBRN are weapons of last expedient. Non-state actors are not yet considered to pose a meaningful threat, since they are not linked to abundant sources of supply. As international security environment changes and the proliferation problem increases, more states are seeking increasingly advanced CBRN capabilities, more states are entering the supply market, and all of these are compounded by the fact that terrorists are also chasing CBRN.

Reviewing the last century, the relative threat, originated from CBRN incidents, has increased more in comparison to cold war era. The main reasons of these are;

Changing of world system, based upon mutual threat and fear,

The explicit evolvement of WMD and rocket dominancy, basically in range increase in terms of quantity and quality, depending on the technological developments which also will carry CBRN candies,

Availability of countries in the world paying special attention to these weapons, their efforts for transferring technology,

Easy availability of those weapons and technology,

The possibility of obtaining and using of chemical and biological weapons by terrorists,

CBRN defence organization is a hard and expensive coverage and namely a type of organized operation requires senior will and respectable budget allocation. But any case, following issues/hints have to be focused on for public safety;

Developing early warning systems,

Coping with crisis management procedures,

Having crises management plans for mobilizing rapid reaction and response forces timely,

Conveying and providing protection measures to civil public as well as preventing civilians from mass destruction,

Preparing CBRN surveillance and monitoring systems,

Paying importance and prioritizing intelligence activities on CBRN proliferation,

Carrying out bilateral efforts and necessary coordination as well as the establishment of a CBRN information share data bank and the required infrastructure,

The struggle against CBRN threat, not only during crisis or war but also in peacetime is vital importance for all countries that do not possess CBRN weapons or active deterrence assets and capabilities. In near future CBRN will seemingly keep its importance as a potential threat within world order and this is meaningful, and attaches too much importance.

From international law point of view, in order to prevent use of CBRN and attaining to CBRN materials and technology;

Countries need to become member of existing global relevant treaties aiming to annihilate the CBRN danger and provide transparency and take security measures,

Export control regimes need to be implemented in order to prevent proliferation of CBRN weapons,

Passive defence can be considered as a first step to be taken against use of chemical and biological weapons. Passive defence, not only play the greatest deterrent role on its own but also cost quite cheaper when compared to other defence measures.

In today’s world, the preferred method is protecting and providing the stability by abolishing and managing the risks with an active approach rather than the methods based on mutual fear and threat, as it is in a couple of decades ago. Approach change for providing stability, prevalence of CBRN and missiles, some countries pay special attention to those weapons and endeavors conducted by them in order to improve those weapons make everyone understand the necessity of struggle against WMD/CBRN must be initiated from peace time.

The types desired by the countries that are planning to procure missiles constitute a clear sign of their intentions. While "Long-Range Missiles" point out the intention of use of "Nuclear and Biological Warheads", "Short-Range Missiles" indicate a possible use of "Biological and Chemical Warheads".

When determining the place of CBRN operation in the struggle system against the CBRN weapons, it needs to be taken into account that deterrence is achieved at strategic-military political level including diplomatic means, especially while the activities of controlling and prohibition of procurement of these weapons are conducted at strategic-political level and in peace time. The strategy to be applied shall ensure the decrease of the threat and sensitivity and provide the capability of combat and response.

We cannot afford fighting the threats of instability and conflict in one region while ignoring the ones in other regions. This must be comprehensive. Partial relevance means partial success.

The question still remains on the sideline and awaits the answer of; "What if the parts at which we did not succeed lead to another catastrophic incident at a similar (or even bigger) scale of attacks, with further ramifications and repercussions in the world?".

Nurol Makina Ve Sanayi A.Ş. (Nms) Cbrn Methodology

Nurol Makina ve Sanayi A.Ş. (NMS) is a company of Nurol Holding Inc.has founded in 1976. His bright history is full of achievements with carried out indigenous combat and theatre proven products & projects.

One of the major products of NMS is "TOMA", a "Riot Control Vehicle". TOMA is defined as a para-military vehicle which has been customized for meeting the requirements of security forces by use of current technologies and designing capability. TOMA is currently used by Turkish Police Department and General Command of Gendarme of Turkey. The vehicle has also been delivered to various countries.

New generation 4X4 Ejder Light Weight Armored Vehicle is another benchmark product of NMS in its lane. NMS is about to complete prototype process by first quarter of 2013 and plan to exhibit 4X4 vehicle in IDEF 2013. This vehicle will enhance the intervention capability of security forces and also will eliminate the combat field operational requirements of army in terms of mobility, interoperability and tactical maneuverability. This indigenous armoured vehicle is multi-purpose tactical design and will cope with urban and cross-country requirements of any sort.

Nurol Makina ve Sanayi A.Ş. also has the capability to design/integrate and manufacture various shelter systems according to civil/military standards and customer specifications. These are standard NATO and expandable shelters and ISO containers and may be customized for Laboratory, Medical, Command Control, and Signal-Communication, requirements.

NMS CBRN Standing

Chemical-Biological-Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) portfolio of NMS is full of trustworthy references and successes. CBRN Reconnaissance Vehicle with its’ indigenous suite, CBRN Mobile Analytic Field Laboratory, CBRN Protected Underground Hardened Structure experience and, CBRN Filtration Systems are remarkable bunches of NMS CBRN achievements.

NMS CBRN Headlines

Today, CBRN is not only a military concern. Asymmetric challenge area and proving ground dynamics encompass diverse multi-dimensional algorithms than it used to be, so civilian glance needs to be more focused to CBRN issues as there is no border between military and civilian public in terms of CBRN threat perception than ever.

Generic combination of CBRN infected environments require couple of basic tools to spread out an overarching umbrella upon civilian&military/police persons for their survival. These tools need to be driven through aware CBRN technologies. Managing "CBRN Infected Crises Environment" is very important parameter of survivability for current defence requirement authorities.

Through his long voyage in defence industry NMS accumulated quite dominating CBRN data and talent for role sharing and addressing peculiar horizons in CBRN domain by convincing his above mentioned product tree sum, fed NMS CBRN expertise and talent master.

NMS by scrutinizing global/regional and national CBRN picture/perception, decided to set up a new path in terms of re-construction of his CBRN talent and experience due to newly raising requirements and deficiencies in some specific domains regarding Chemical and Biological (CB) Reconnaissance Vehicle Suit Design and other CBRN requirement tools.

NMS CBRN perspective actually bases on "system design, integration and configuration dynamics". NMS envisages fulfilling "Military CBRN" and "Police CB" point and stand-off detection and identification requirements in combat theatre and challenge areas. As Police is the major responding power to crises environments, the CB monitoring and alarming is vital for survival.

NMS is quite busy nowadays for customizing her near future CBRN task burdens that comprises;

 

Peculiar CBR Suite Architecture,

CBRN Protected Underground Facilities/hospitals,

Reference CBRN Laboratory,

CBR Responding Architecture,

Deployable/Fixed Multi-Layered CBRN Shield,

Special CBRN COLPRO Shelters,

CBRN Filtration Systems,

CBR Identification / Analyzing / Surveillance / Reconnaissance,

Biological Stand-off Detection R&D Study Management,

Chemical Long Range Stand-off Monitoring and EW Talent,

CBR Simulation.

NMS is steadily denoting his technological CBR coverage and involvement riding on dynamic clouds of remarkable assets generated by master design and engineering crew in NMS science proven member team. If the conjecture allows, NMS hopes and desires to be one step distance of regional requirement authorities to cope with their CBRN needs and assist them also in terms of CBRN training, vision, exercise, and equipment of any sort.

CBRN is not an easy issue to tackle alone. Partners are needed to walk on muddy roads together, so NMS looks for new dynamic partners to handle though CBRN voyage together. Throughout his CBRN travel way ahead, NMS sorted out some determinations on CBRN aspect namely;

General experience deficiency,

Lack of timely and sufficient operational/scientific/ technological convergence,

Absence of point-specific and handy expertise,

Partially unaware and semi-willing science stakeholders.

NMS CBRN Achievements

In the course of his CBRN voyage, NMS faithfully has managed below summarized products and projects;

CBRN Reconnaissance Vehicle Suite Design (for challenge areas and military requirements) is very recent achievement of NMS with his bee-hive minded CBRN crew. This design is on the way and assertive in its lane to be a trade-mark in the region in near future. As Police and Gendarme Forces have Crises Management responsibility and role for responding a CBR incident, NMS currently also designs «Mobile Chemical and Biological (CB) Detection and Monitoring Vehicle» for surveillance of CB contamination for Police and relevant responding units.

The Mobile CBRN Field Laboratory is used in multi-dimensional combat and challenge environments for relevant comprehensive tasks. NMS has a ratified solution, methodology of which is theatre and terrain proof. The system architecture of Mobile CBRN Field Analytical Laboratory is apparently based on modish and latest technology. Analytical CBRN Laboratory equipment design concept is based on indigenous teamwork projection configured inside a NATO standard shelter, on a military truck. System can rapidly be deployed worldwide by highway, airway, railway, or seaway.

NMS area of interest and tackling also encompass CBRN Protected (together with Nurol Construction A.Ş.);

Underground Shelters and Facilities,

Underground Command & Control Centers,

Underground Hospitals,

Underground Crises Management Centers.

Chemical-Biological-Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Filtration System is a NMS achievement and is customized for coping with theatre requirement of troops on move in armoured vehicles during dirty and toxicant zone pass or CBR attack . CBRN Filtration System can also be used for CBR filtration of ambient of any sort exposed to CBR pollution. Filtration System strains, filters and cleans the environment for comfortable mission achievement dynamics.

NMS’s Gulf Countries CBRN Perspective

The Arabian Peninsula consists of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, the Sultanate of Oman, and the Republic of Yemen. These countries constitute the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) (out of Yemen). Due to current CBRN regional threat assessment and perception GCC countries have a major interest in their CBRN defence programs. As regional social turmoil increase, the need for CBRN instrumentation proliferates. NMS is keen on having a significant role in terms of CBRN domain in GCC region in order to reflect his experience to brother GCC countries. So NMS gets in contact with region countries by taking into account recent technological novelties and operational requirements to cope with CBR threat shading this region currently. Especially CBRN Reconnaissance Vehicle Suite, Underground CBRN Protected Facilities, Underground CBRN Protected Command & Control Centers, Underground CBRN Protected Hospitals, and Peculiar Medical Shelters will be NMS highlights in GCC region in near future.

CBRN Last Word

Protection and intervention (responding) are complementary parameters in sensing and detection architecture which are milestones for CBRN defence so, there are needed initiatives making studies intended protection against dangerous materials such as dual-use chemicals or lethal pathogens. In this context; Political Will-Institutions-Technology-Science and Operational Requirement Authorities definitely be in the same basket with a common understanding and study for fulfilling the deficiencies in this specific CBRN domain.

While coping with challenges, NMS is keen on noting CBRN hardship by reserving/safeguarding below addressed highlights and issues;

NMS has the aspiration of having/sharing doctrinal, visional, scientific, technological views with relevant initiatives in order to improve international/regional CBRN capability/ understanding,

As CBRN requirements expand, NMS portfolio is widening. So NMS desires making technological shares, view exchanges with some partners to complement some CBR shortfall areas,

NMS through "Technology Driven" approach encourages the necessity of hosting "Science & Operation Driven" requirement identification and orientation.

NMS anticipates being a starting point and mile-stone for CBRN projects in Turkey and then compromise with NATO/EDA CBRN perspective for Major CBRN projects.

NMS looks forward to seeing CBRN decontaminated clouds for his future CBRN sky and horizon. As CBRN awareness expands, NMS portfolio will widen and be highly puffy.

In this context, NMS CBRN Standpoints are;

Having Determination,

Being Regional/Global Trade Mark,

Undertaking Technological Responsibility,

Nominating National/Regional Role Share,

Creating Civilian - Military Technological / Operational / Scientific Awareness,

Editing View Exchange,

Dominating Marketing Instruments.

As a last but not the least word, NMS with his CBRN backlog desires to be certified as "National/Regional CBRN Technology Center of Excellency" during his near future CBRN career.